<p>The current state of the problem of applying holographic interferometry in underwater acoustics is presented. The discussion of holographic signal processing is focused on solving the problem of monitoring the underwater environment, ensuring the detection, resolution, and localization of underwater noise sources under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio and spatiotemporal perturbations in the oceanic environment. Localization of the sound source is understood as determining the bearing, radial velocity, range, and depth. Single vector–scalar receivers and linear antenna arrays are considered as the receiving modules. The results of theoretical studies, numerical modeling, and field experiments are provided, allowing for assessment of the efficiency of holographic processing under realistic conditions.</p>