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Abstract <p>Genomic rearrangements, including the emergence of multiple paralogs of regulatory genes, may serve as the genetic foundation for the appearance of novel structures and traits during evolution. In the course of subsequent evolution, some paralogs arising through duplications may be lost due to functional redundancy. In the present study, we investigated <i>chordin-like</i> gene paralogs in cartilaginous and teleost fishes. It was found that, in contrast to most jawed vertebrates, whose genomes contain two <i>chordin-like</i> paralogs, cartilaginous and most teleost fishes have retained only a single paralog of this gene. At the same time, it turned out that the retained <i>chordin-like</i> genes in cartilaginous and teleost fishes are not orthologs but instead represent an example of hidden paralogy. The <i>chordin-like1</i> gene is expressed in fins, as well as in jaw and branchial structures, in representatives of cartilaginous fishes and sturgeons, which constitute basal groups of jawed vertebrates. This may indicate the role of this gene in the emergence of these morphological innovations of jawed vertebrates at early stages of the group’s evolution. The secondary loss of <i>chordin-like1</i> in teleosts, in turn, may be associated with the transformation of the endoskeletal organization of their fins and the loss of the metapterygial basal element.</p>

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Hidden Paralogy of Chordin-Like Genes in Cartilaginous and Teleost Fishes as a Potential Factor in the Emergence and Evolution of Fins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • G. V. Ermakova,
  • A. G. Zaraisky,
  • A. V. Bayramov

摘要

Abstract

Genomic rearrangements, including the emergence of multiple paralogs of regulatory genes, may serve as the genetic foundation for the appearance of novel structures and traits during evolution. In the course of subsequent evolution, some paralogs arising through duplications may be lost due to functional redundancy. In the present study, we investigated chordin-like gene paralogs in cartilaginous and teleost fishes. It was found that, in contrast to most jawed vertebrates, whose genomes contain two chordin-like paralogs, cartilaginous and most teleost fishes have retained only a single paralog of this gene. At the same time, it turned out that the retained chordin-like genes in cartilaginous and teleost fishes are not orthologs but instead represent an example of hidden paralogy. The chordin-like1 gene is expressed in fins, as well as in jaw and branchial structures, in representatives of cartilaginous fishes and sturgeons, which constitute basal groups of jawed vertebrates. This may indicate the role of this gene in the emergence of these morphological innovations of jawed vertebrates at early stages of the group’s evolution. The secondary loss of chordin-like1 in teleosts, in turn, may be associated with the transformation of the endoskeletal organization of their fins and the loss of the metapterygial basal element.