Abstract <p>The Kashmir Flycatcher (<i>Ficedula subrubra</i>), a Vulnerable passerine species endemic to the Indian subcontinent, demonstrates distinctive habitat preferences strongly influenced by specific precipitation and temperature conditions. This study utilized Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) with MaxEnt to predict the bird’s potential distribution and identify critical environmental factors determining habitat suitability. The analysis revealed that precipitation of the driest month (contributing 36% to the model) and elevation (23%) were the most significant predictors, followed by precipitation seasonality (11.5%) and annual temperature range (6.4%). These results emphasize its reliance on montane ecosystems characterized by marked seasonal precipitation patterns. The study found that suitable habitats for the <i>F. subrubra</i> are highly fragmented and limited, with only a small proportion of the study area classified as highly suitable. This fragmentation, coupled with the bird’s dependency on specific climatic variables, highlights its heightened vulnerability to the impacts of climate change and habitat loss. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, and anthropogenic pressures are likely to exacerbate these threats, further restricting the flycatcher’s ecological niche and distribution. Given these challenges, the findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts. Strategies should include habitat restoration, preservation of montane ecosystems, and climate adaptation measures to mitigate the effects of climate change. Long-term monitoring and research are also crucial to understand the species’ ecological requirements and adapting conservation interventions as conditions evolve. Protecting the <i>F. subrubra</i> and its unique ecological niche is vital for ensuring the survival of this endemic species and the biodiversity of its montane habitats.</p>