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Abstract <p>Forests are a valuable natural resource, and recent insights into climatic changes and natural catastrophes have further highlighted the importance of growing and conserving forests. This study was carried out between April 2020 and July 2022 to document the floristic attributes and phytosociological characteristics of an artificial forest grown in Bazkhela mountain botanical garden, Matta district Swat. A floristic checklist was prepared including 116 species of higher plants belonging to 100 genera and 47 families. Asteraceae stood out as the dominant family (16 spp.) followed by Lamiaceae (10 spp.) and Rosaceae (10 spp.), Poaceae (8 spp.), and Fabaceae (7 spp.) while the remaining families had less than 4 species. Study of life form classes revealed that therophytes (51 spp. 43.96%) were the leading life form in the forest followed by nanophanerophytes (26 spp. 23.27%). The leaf spectrum was dominated by microphylls (40 spp. 34.48%), nanophylls (37 spp. 31.03%), and mesophylls (30 spp. 25.86%). Phytosociological study establish 15&#xa0;plant communities including 5 each for trees, shrubs, and herbs <i>viz</i>. <i>Pinus- Ficus- Cedrus community, Pinus- Ailanthus- Cedrus</i> community<i>, Pinus- Cedrus- Ailanthus</i> community<i>, Pinus- Cedrus- Melia</i> community<i>, Pinus- Ailanthus- Cedrus</i> community<i>, Isodon- Daphne- Indigofera</i> community<i>, Isodon- Gymnosporia-Daphne</i> community<i>, Dodonaea- Isodon- Rubus</i> community<i>, Rubus- Berberis- Isodon</i> community<i>, Elaeagnus- Isodon- Indigofera</i> community<i>, Brumus- Arthraxon- Plantago</i> community<i>, Cyperus- Rumex- Arthraxon</i> community<i>, Poa- Rumex- Senecio</i> community<i>, Origanum- Plantago- Oxalis</i> community and <i>Lespedeza- Rumex- Arthraxon</i> community<i>.</i> The edaphic factors analysis showed that soil had a mostly sandy loam texture with pH ranging from 5.9 to 6.2 pH. Soils were predominantly loamy sands in texture with nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium levels ranging from 0.1104 to 0.0207%, 7.23–12.72% and 32–74% respectively. This is the first artificial forest developed in Swat valley and it can be used as a model for other regions of the country. Artificial forests and urban greening can help to cope with climate change scare.</p>

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Artificial Forests as Solution for Environmental Crises: A Case Study of Bazkhela Mountain of District Swat, Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月5日

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  • Asghar Ali,
  • Khaista Rahman,
  • Hazrat Younas,
  • Sardar Ali,
  • Rafi Ullah,
  • Muhammad Abdullah,
  • Sadiq Ullah

摘要

Abstract

Forests are a valuable natural resource, and recent insights into climatic changes and natural catastrophes have further highlighted the importance of growing and conserving forests. This study was carried out between April 2020 and July 2022 to document the floristic attributes and phytosociological characteristics of an artificial forest grown in Bazkhela mountain botanical garden, Matta district Swat. A floristic checklist was prepared including 116 species of higher plants belonging to 100 genera and 47 families. Asteraceae stood out as the dominant family (16 spp.) followed by Lamiaceae (10 spp.) and Rosaceae (10 spp.), Poaceae (8 spp.), and Fabaceae (7 spp.) while the remaining families had less than 4 species. Study of life form classes revealed that therophytes (51 spp. 43.96%) were the leading life form in the forest followed by nanophanerophytes (26 spp. 23.27%). The leaf spectrum was dominated by microphylls (40 spp. 34.48%), nanophylls (37 spp. 31.03%), and mesophylls (30 spp. 25.86%). Phytosociological study establish 15 plant communities including 5 each for trees, shrubs, and herbs viz. Pinus- Ficus- Cedrus community, Pinus- Ailanthus- Cedrus community, Pinus- Cedrus- Ailanthus community, Pinus- Cedrus- Melia community, Pinus- Ailanthus- Cedrus community, Isodon- Daphne- Indigofera community, Isodon- Gymnosporia-Daphne community, Dodonaea- Isodon- Rubus community, Rubus- Berberis- Isodon community, Elaeagnus- Isodon- Indigofera community, Brumus- Arthraxon- Plantago community, Cyperus- Rumex- Arthraxon community, Poa- Rumex- Senecio community, Origanum- Plantago- Oxalis community and Lespedeza- Rumex- Arthraxon community. The edaphic factors analysis showed that soil had a mostly sandy loam texture with pH ranging from 5.9 to 6.2 pH. Soils were predominantly loamy sands in texture with nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium levels ranging from 0.1104 to 0.0207%, 7.23–12.72% and 32–74% respectively. This is the first artificial forest developed in Swat valley and it can be used as a model for other regions of the country. Artificial forests and urban greening can help to cope with climate change scare.