Abstract <p>Two-phase liquid systems of the water–oil type are actively used for the separation and preconcentration of various substances. Countercurrent chromatography is an effective method for the separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic substances. However, this method is not currently used for the separation of solid particles. This paper describes driving forces of the particle separation process using two-phase liquid systems and modeling of the process of the extraction of microplastic in a rotating coiled column in a water–oil system, and formulates the capabilities and prospects for the development of this method for particle separation.</p>