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Abstract <p>A simple condensation method is proposed and implemented for obtaining a niosomal form of an actually water-insoluble biocide (chlorhexidine base, CHX), with this form being an efficient carrier of CHX in an aqueous medium. The approach is based on the solubilization of CHX in aqueous micellar solutions of polyoxyethylated surfactants (Tween 80 and Tween 20) without using organic solvents, high-energy dispersing, and a rotary evaporator, which are necessary attributes in the common practice of obtaining niosomes. The proposed method provides a high degree of biocide encapsulation (96 ± 2%). Aqueous dispersions of two-component niosomes (Tween 80 + CHX and Tween 20 + CHX) stable for a long time are obtained. The sizes and structure of niosomes, as well as their solubilization capacity and transport properties with respect to CHX are determined. The effect of the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactants on the sizes and stability of niosomes with incorporated CHX is analyzed. A mechanism is proposed for the transformation of micelles of the polyoxyethylated surfactants with solubilized CHX into niosomes at a CHX/surfactant molar ratio of 1/2.</p>

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Niosomes Based on Polyoxyethylated Micelle-Forming Surfactants and Chlorhexidine Base

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • N. M. Zadymova,
  • S. A. Artyushina

摘要

Abstract

A simple condensation method is proposed and implemented for obtaining a niosomal form of an actually water-insoluble biocide (chlorhexidine base, CHX), with this form being an efficient carrier of CHX in an aqueous medium. The approach is based on the solubilization of CHX in aqueous micellar solutions of polyoxyethylated surfactants (Tween 80 and Tween 20) without using organic solvents, high-energy dispersing, and a rotary evaporator, which are necessary attributes in the common practice of obtaining niosomes. The proposed method provides a high degree of biocide encapsulation (96 ± 2%). Aqueous dispersions of two-component niosomes (Tween 80 + CHX and Tween 20 + CHX) stable for a long time are obtained. The sizes and structure of niosomes, as well as their solubilization capacity and transport properties with respect to CHX are determined. The effect of the hydrocarbon chain length of the surfactants on the sizes and stability of niosomes with incorporated CHX is analyzed. A mechanism is proposed for the transformation of micelles of the polyoxyethylated surfactants with solubilized CHX into niosomes at a CHX/surfactant molar ratio of 1/2.