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Abstract <p>This study presents the first results of comprehensive monitoring of CO<sub>2</sub> and carbonate system parameters in the east part of the Gulf of Finland during 2022–2023. The study revealed seasonal variability in CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes across the water-air interface. It is shown that the sea surface emits CO<sub>2</sub> (5 g C/(m<sup>2</sup> yr)) in cold season and absorbs it in warm season (–17 g C/(m<sup>2</sup> yr)). The Gulf of Finland acts as a net source of CO<sub>2</sub> to the atmosphere with a mean annual flux of 4 g C/(m<sup>2</sup> yr).</p>

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Variability in Carbonate System Parameters and CO2 Fluxes in the Russian Sector of the Gulf of Finland in 2022–2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • A. A. Muratova,
  • A. A. Polukhin,
  • Yu. O. Pronina,
  • L. D. Bashirova,
  • S. K. Gulev

摘要

Abstract

This study presents the first results of comprehensive monitoring of CO2 and carbonate system parameters in the east part of the Gulf of Finland during 2022–2023. The study revealed seasonal variability in CO2 fluxes across the water-air interface. It is shown that the sea surface emits CO2 (5 g C/(m2 yr)) in cold season and absorbs it in warm season (–17 g C/(m2 yr)). The Gulf of Finland acts as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere with a mean annual flux of 4 g C/(m2 yr).