Abstract <p>Results of a study of the effect of X-rays of 100 kR/h on the structure, tribological and elastic properties of elastomers based on nitrile-butadiene rubber with degrees of vulcanization of <i>t</i>₇₀ and <i>t</i>₉₀ are presented. It is found that irradiation of rubber with an exposure dose up to 50 kR leads to an increase in the elongation at break and tensile strength due to a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and to an increase in the crosslink density and a decrease in the specific volume of the polymers. It is obtained that the X-ray irradiation of rubber with exposure doses in the range from 50 to 100 kR leads to an increase in a degree of crystallinity and to deterioration in elastic-strength properties of rubber. It is suggested that the crosslinks of elastomers based on nitrile-butadiene rubber break after the X-ray exposure of dose in the range from 50 to 100 kR. The established nonlinear dependences of the elastic-strength properties of nitrile butadiene rubber with degrees of vulcanization <i>t</i>₇₀ and <i>t</i>₉₀ from an exposure dose point to greatly depending of the rubber intermolecular crosslinks density from an exposure dose of the X-ray and time after exposure. It is obtained a radiation aging of NBR elastomers have been exposure with X-ray. It is established that 2 months after irradiation the elongation at break decreases for NBR elastomers samples and the coefficient of dynamic friction decreases at first and increases after a month.</p>