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Abstract <p>An optimal radiation wavelength for scanning marine surface from air is found, which provides minimal radiation absorption, parasitic fluorescence, beam divergence, and scattering in the water column. These parameters depend on the laser type used. The research focused on water samples from the Black Sea collected 200 m from the shore immediately before the experiment and water samples stored for one year in light-protected hermetically sealed containers. For both sets of samples, the following characteristics were examined: scattering phase function, spectral transmittance, laser beam divergence, particle size distribution of organic matter in the samples, and its effect on fluorescence spectra. Commercial semiconductor lasers with wavelengths of 450, 520, and 660 nm were used. The study shows a 450-nm laser to be optimal for underwater sounding tasks since it exhibits the lowest radiation attenuation in the water column (0.5 dB/m), the smallest scattering spot, and minimal fluorescence. Organic particles do not significantly affect hydrooptical properties of seawater in the both sets of samples. The results can be used in the design of above-water and underwater laser sounding systems for marine surface analysis.</p>

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Experimental Search for Optimal Laser Radiation Wavelength for Black Sea Water Sounding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • M. A. Karpov,
  • N. V. Tcherniega,
  • A. D. Kudryavtseva,
  • S. F. Umanskaya,
  • N. A. Kleopova,
  • K. V. Kulikovsky,
  • T. V. Baikova

摘要

Abstract

An optimal radiation wavelength for scanning marine surface from air is found, which provides minimal radiation absorption, parasitic fluorescence, beam divergence, and scattering in the water column. These parameters depend on the laser type used. The research focused on water samples from the Black Sea collected 200 m from the shore immediately before the experiment and water samples stored for one year in light-protected hermetically sealed containers. For both sets of samples, the following characteristics were examined: scattering phase function, spectral transmittance, laser beam divergence, particle size distribution of organic matter in the samples, and its effect on fluorescence spectra. Commercial semiconductor lasers with wavelengths of 450, 520, and 660 nm were used. The study shows a 450-nm laser to be optimal for underwater sounding tasks since it exhibits the lowest radiation attenuation in the water column (0.5 dB/m), the smallest scattering spot, and minimal fluorescence. Organic particles do not significantly affect hydrooptical properties of seawater in the both sets of samples. The results can be used in the design of above-water and underwater laser sounding systems for marine surface analysis.