Abstract <p>Nanotechnology research has exploded over the past decade owing to its numerous applications in a wide range of fields, including agriculture. Nanomaterials or nanoparticles with sizes between 1–100 nm, have unique properties that make them ideal for a broad range of applications. Nanoparticles are typically synthesized through physical and chemical methods, but these approaches can pose risks to human health and the environment. In contrast, biogenic synthesis using plants and microorganisms offers a safer, eco-friendly alternative by avoiding toxic chemicals, high energy inputs and external stabilizers. Ongoing research focuses on developing economical and environmentally sustainable biological routes for nanoparticle production. Furthermore, considering their benefits over other traditional inputs, biosynthesized nanomaterials have the potential to drastically change agricultural production in the future. This review emphasizes their notable influence on enhancing seed germination, promoting plant growth and physiological responses of plants under various abiotic stress conditions, while providing a comprehensive overview of their potential applications in improving overall agricultural productivity.</p>