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Abstract <p>Weeds are commonly regarded as the primary cause of nutrient depletion in maize (<i>Zea</i> <i>mays</i> L.) fields, resulting in decreased crop yield. In order to address this issue, a two-year field study was conducted to determine the most effective combination of herbicides and NPK fertilizers for weed control in maize, while considering certain physiological factors. Five levels of weed management treatments (weed infested, weed free, Acetochlor, Propisochlor, and Nicosulfuron) and five levels of NPK fertilizers (no fertilizer, high nitrogen NPK, high phosphorus NPK, high potassium NPK, and balanced NPK) were arranged in a factorial design based on RCBD with three replications. Results exhibited that weed infestation decreased the leaf water content (LWC), chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, and carotenoids of maize, whereas proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. In plots treated by Acetochlore, the control treatment (without fertilizing) showed the maximum reductions in weed density and dry weight. By utilizing the Acetochlore herbicide to manage weeds, the balanced NPK treatment demonstrated the most significant combined impact in decreasing the density and dry weight of weeds. Additionally, the application of balanced NPK followed by Acetochlore enhanced carotenoids content and CAT, POX, SOD, and PPO activities in maize plants under weed-infested conditions. To summarize, maize growers should be mindful of the collaborative impacts of herbicides and fertilizers. This cooperative effect can be harnessed to diminish the detrimental effects of weeds, thereby increasing the potential and quality of crop yield. In conclusion, the integration of Acetochlor and balanced NPK fertilization most effectively mitigated the oxidative stress and physiological impairments induced by weed competition in maize, primarily by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and improving leaf water status and photosynthetic pigment stability.</p>

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Influence of Herbicides and NPK Fertilizers on Weeds and Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • A. H. Jabr Al-Bahadli,
  • S. Hassannejad,
  • S. Nasrollahzadeh,
  • S. Porheidar Ghafarbi

摘要

Abstract

Weeds are commonly regarded as the primary cause of nutrient depletion in maize (Zea mays L.) fields, resulting in decreased crop yield. In order to address this issue, a two-year field study was conducted to determine the most effective combination of herbicides and NPK fertilizers for weed control in maize, while considering certain physiological factors. Five levels of weed management treatments (weed infested, weed free, Acetochlor, Propisochlor, and Nicosulfuron) and five levels of NPK fertilizers (no fertilizer, high nitrogen NPK, high phosphorus NPK, high potassium NPK, and balanced NPK) were arranged in a factorial design based on RCBD with three replications. Results exhibited that weed infestation decreased the leaf water content (LWC), chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids of maize, whereas proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes increased. In plots treated by Acetochlore, the control treatment (without fertilizing) showed the maximum reductions in weed density and dry weight. By utilizing the Acetochlore herbicide to manage weeds, the balanced NPK treatment demonstrated the most significant combined impact in decreasing the density and dry weight of weeds. Additionally, the application of balanced NPK followed by Acetochlore enhanced carotenoids content and CAT, POX, SOD, and PPO activities in maize plants under weed-infested conditions. To summarize, maize growers should be mindful of the collaborative impacts of herbicides and fertilizers. This cooperative effect can be harnessed to diminish the detrimental effects of weeds, thereby increasing the potential and quality of crop yield. In conclusion, the integration of Acetochlor and balanced NPK fertilization most effectively mitigated the oxidative stress and physiological impairments induced by weed competition in maize, primarily by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and improving leaf water status and photosynthetic pigment stability.