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Abstract <p><i>Haematococcus pluvialis</i> is a rich source of proteins, lipids, and carotenoids<i>.</i> However, its slow growth rate presents a significant challenge for large–scale production. While plasma–activated solutions have demonstrated growth–promoting effects in various plants, their impact on this species remains unexplored. This study therefore evaluated the effects of cold plasma–activated culture medium on <i>H. pluvialis</i> growth and astaxanthin synthesis. Prior to inoculation, the RM medium was activated with plasma for different durations and monitored over 15 days for cell density and pigment concentration. Biomass and organic compound accumulation were recorded at the end of cultivation, while astaxanthin content was assessed after a further 7 days of stress induction in untreated RM medium. Results showed that short plasma activation increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the medium to optimal concentrations, enhancing cell proliferation and photosynthetic pigment production. The most favorable outcomes occurred with 15&#xa0;min of activation, yielding higher biomass and 12–33% increases in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid levels compared to the control. Following stress induction, cells grown in plasma-activated medium exhibited a 24–32% higher astaxanthin concentration, indicating that RONS stimulated the accumulation of precursors in the green stage necessary for astaxanthin synthesis. However, prolonged plasma exposure led to the formation of non-dividing cells, which reduced growth efficiency. These findings suggest that activating culture medium with cold plasma is a promising strategy to improve both growth performance and astaxanthin production in <i>H. pluvialis</i>, offering potential for scalable biosynthesis of this valuable pigment.</p>

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Enhancing Green-Phase Biomass via Cold Plasma to Improve Astaxanthin Production in Haematococcus pluvialis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • H. A. Q. Than,
  • D. P. N. Vu,
  • M. A. N. Tran,
  • P. N. Ly,
  • T. B. Ho,
  • N. H. Tran,
  • T. H. Pham

摘要

Abstract

Haematococcus pluvialis is a rich source of proteins, lipids, and carotenoids. However, its slow growth rate presents a significant challenge for large–scale production. While plasma–activated solutions have demonstrated growth–promoting effects in various plants, their impact on this species remains unexplored. This study therefore evaluated the effects of cold plasma–activated culture medium on H. pluvialis growth and astaxanthin synthesis. Prior to inoculation, the RM medium was activated with plasma for different durations and monitored over 15 days for cell density and pigment concentration. Biomass and organic compound accumulation were recorded at the end of cultivation, while astaxanthin content was assessed after a further 7 days of stress induction in untreated RM medium. Results showed that short plasma activation increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the medium to optimal concentrations, enhancing cell proliferation and photosynthetic pigment production. The most favorable outcomes occurred with 15 min of activation, yielding higher biomass and 12–33% increases in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid levels compared to the control. Following stress induction, cells grown in plasma-activated medium exhibited a 24–32% higher astaxanthin concentration, indicating that RONS stimulated the accumulation of precursors in the green stage necessary for astaxanthin synthesis. However, prolonged plasma exposure led to the formation of non-dividing cells, which reduced growth efficiency. These findings suggest that activating culture medium with cold plasma is a promising strategy to improve both growth performance and astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis, offering potential for scalable biosynthesis of this valuable pigment.