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Abstract <p>Climate change and diminishing water resources are concomitant threats to sustainable rice production. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD), a water-saving irrigation practice, reduces water requirements for rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) cultivation. However, the effects of AWD on grain yields are variable. Therefore, the study evaluated the impacts of AWD on root traits, canopy microclimate, anthesis timing, hormonal regulation and grain yield in rice varieties, “IR 64”, “Anna (R) 4”, “CO 53”, and “TKM 15”. AWD was imposed 14 days after transplanting and underwent 14 drying–wetting cycles. Total root length, volume, and surface area increased with AWD, while root diameter decreased compared to continuous flooding (CF), particularly in “Anna (R) 4” and “TKM 15”. This indicates improved root plasticity and water uptake to maintain cooler canopies. As a result, anthesis timing was advanced by 30–40 min. “Anna (R) 4” had the earliest flower opening, thereby reducing spikelet sterility by shifting flowering to cooler morning hours. Hormonal profiles revealed that IBA enhanced root development and elevated MeJA contributed to early anthesis in “Anna (R) 4”. tZR in “Anna (R) 4” was maintained at comparable levels to CF, facilitating grain filling in AWD. Spikelet sterility, chalkiness, grain yield and total dry matter production were decreased in AWD across all varieties. However, “Anna (R) 4” maintained the lowest yield reduction and superior grain quality due to lower sterility and chalkiness. The study identified “Anna (R) 4” as an adaptive variety with key traits of root plasticity, early anthesis, reduced sterility and chalkiness for yield protection.</p>

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Complementary Roles of Root Plasticity, Anthesis Timing and Hormonal Profiles in Rice for Yield Protection under Alternate Wetting and Drying System of Cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月1日

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  • V. Yamuna,
  • D. Vijayalakshmi,
  • V. Ravichandran,
  • A. Bharani,
  • S. Maragatham,
  • R. Kalpana

摘要

Abstract

Climate change and diminishing water resources are concomitant threats to sustainable rice production. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD), a water-saving irrigation practice, reduces water requirements for rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. However, the effects of AWD on grain yields are variable. Therefore, the study evaluated the impacts of AWD on root traits, canopy microclimate, anthesis timing, hormonal regulation and grain yield in rice varieties, “IR 64”, “Anna (R) 4”, “CO 53”, and “TKM 15”. AWD was imposed 14 days after transplanting and underwent 14 drying–wetting cycles. Total root length, volume, and surface area increased with AWD, while root diameter decreased compared to continuous flooding (CF), particularly in “Anna (R) 4” and “TKM 15”. This indicates improved root plasticity and water uptake to maintain cooler canopies. As a result, anthesis timing was advanced by 30–40 min. “Anna (R) 4” had the earliest flower opening, thereby reducing spikelet sterility by shifting flowering to cooler morning hours. Hormonal profiles revealed that IBA enhanced root development and elevated MeJA contributed to early anthesis in “Anna (R) 4”. tZR in “Anna (R) 4” was maintained at comparable levels to CF, facilitating grain filling in AWD. Spikelet sterility, chalkiness, grain yield and total dry matter production were decreased in AWD across all varieties. However, “Anna (R) 4” maintained the lowest yield reduction and superior grain quality due to lower sterility and chalkiness. The study identified “Anna (R) 4” as an adaptive variety with key traits of root plasticity, early anthesis, reduced sterility and chalkiness for yield protection.