Abstract <p>To investigate the effect of UV-B radiation on the growth metrics and biochemical indices of Moldavian dragonhead (<i>Dracocephalum moldavica</i> L.), as well as the capability of salicylic acid (SA) to moderate the impacts of UV stress, an experiment using a factorial design was conducted in a greenhouse setting, with three replications and a completely randomized design. UV-B radiation was applied at three levels (0, 52, and 104 kJ m^–2 day^–1) and SA was sprayed simultaneously at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mM) for two consecutive weeks. The results showed that UV-B radiation induced a decrease in stem and root lengths, leaf area, shoot dry and fresh weights, alongside pigments content in <i>D. moldavica</i>. Moreover, UV-B radiation led to an increase in the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). In UV-B non-treated plants, foliar application of SA solution at both concentrations caused negative effects on the plant resulting in decreased shoot fresh weight and leaf area as well as increased lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ levels. However, in plants subjected to UV-B radiation, SA foliar application increased the plant resistance to stress based on various physiological, biochemical, and anatomical parameters, thereby partially alleviating the negative effects of this radiation.</p>