Abstract <p>This article examines the history of the creation and operation of the Druzhba oil pipeline, the largest infrastructure project of the Soviet era, which played a key role in the economic development of the Soviet Union and the CMEA countries. The relevance of this work is determined by the insufficient study of the complex impact of this project on integration processes within the CMEA, as well as on the development of Soviet regions, in particular Belorussia. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its comprehensive analysis of the technical, economic, and political aspects of the implementation of the Druzhba project, as well as the introduction of new archival materials into scientific circulation, which make it possible to clarify and expand existing understanding of this important period in the history of the Soviet economy and international relations. The article uses methods of historical and comparative analysis. An analysis of archival documents, statistical data, and published sources was conducted, which made it possible to reconstruct the chronology of events and identify the main trends and patterns in the development of the Druzhba project. The results of the study showed that the Druzhba oil pipeline was the first experience of large-scale economic cooperation between the countries of the socialist bloc. The project contributed to the intensification of interstate economic exchange, the development of the chemical industry, and the creation of a new system of intercountry and interregional logistics in the oil industry.</p>