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Abstract <p>The goals and objectives of Soviet (1979–1989) and American (2001–2021) troops in Afghanistan are examined. A comparative analysis of the strategy and tactics of the USSR and US political, diplomatic, and military actions in Afghanistan is also provided. Similarities are explored, including the removal of incumbent rulers, the installation of loyal leaders, and the formation of a loyal political elite and state institutions. Moscow and Washington placed significant emphasis on establishing military and political influence over Afghan society, monitoring the functioning of the country’s political system, stabilizing the political and military situation, and creating and reorganizing national security forces (army, police, intelligence, and counterintelligence); restoring the economy; and providing humanitarian aid to the local population. The fundamental differences in the organization of the withdrawal of Soviet and American troops and the resulting consequences for Afghanistan, as well as for the countries participating in the military campaign, are highlighted.</p>

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Afghanistan: Causes and Consequences of the Military Presence of the Soviet Union (1979–1989) and the United States (2001–2021)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • V. S. Khristoforov

摘要

Abstract

The goals and objectives of Soviet (1979–1989) and American (2001–2021) troops in Afghanistan are examined. A comparative analysis of the strategy and tactics of the USSR and US political, diplomatic, and military actions in Afghanistan is also provided. Similarities are explored, including the removal of incumbent rulers, the installation of loyal leaders, and the formation of a loyal political elite and state institutions. Moscow and Washington placed significant emphasis on establishing military and political influence over Afghan society, monitoring the functioning of the country’s political system, stabilizing the political and military situation, and creating and reorganizing national security forces (army, police, intelligence, and counterintelligence); restoring the economy; and providing humanitarian aid to the local population. The fundamental differences in the organization of the withdrawal of Soviet and American troops and the resulting consequences for Afghanistan, as well as for the countries participating in the military campaign, are highlighted.