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Abstract <p>Natural polymers are of great interest as soil ameliorants capable of biodegradation at the end of growing season. The synthesis of interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of anionic xanthan and cationic chitosan is described, and their physico-chemical, water-retaining, anti-erosion and biological properties are compared with the properties of the individual xanthan. A combination of methods: gravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, equilibrium centrifugation, mechanical strength assessment and cell-mediated hydrolysis allowed the following main results: (a) Addition of a xanthan aqueous solution to a chitosan aqueous solution result in spherical capsules with a chitosan–xanthan IPEC shell and a xanthan solution inside. (b) Destruction of the capsules, washing with water and lyophilization yields the stoichiometric IPEC with a porous structure, stabilized by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. (c) The swelling degree of IPEC in water is 65 and decreases to 32 after mixing IPEC with sand. (d) Addition of IPEC and xanthan to sand increases the maximum water capacity from 27% up to 59–62% while a substantial part of water in the modified sand retains available to plants. (e) Application of IPEC and xanthan over sand leads to the protective polymer-sand coatings, resistant to water erosion; the IPEC-sand coating provides only 1.4&#xa0;wt % sand loss versus 16 wt % sand loss for the xanthan-sand coating. (f) Field trails have shown that IPEC has a longer service life. (g) Soil microorganisms utilize xanthan and IPEC, with the former being consumed much faster than the latter. The obtained results indicate the potential of using biodegradable IPEC as a combined eco-friendly soil ameliorant.</p>

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An Advanced Water-Retaining and Anti-Erosion Soil Ameliorants Based on Xanthan Gum

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • I. Panova,
  • K. Titkina,
  • V. Spiridonov,
  • V. Chernov,
  • A. Belov,
  • L. Ilyasov,
  • I. A. Gritskova,
  • A. Yaroslavov

摘要

Abstract

Natural polymers are of great interest as soil ameliorants capable of biodegradation at the end of growing season. The synthesis of interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of anionic xanthan and cationic chitosan is described, and their physico-chemical, water-retaining, anti-erosion and biological properties are compared with the properties of the individual xanthan. A combination of methods: gravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, equilibrium centrifugation, mechanical strength assessment and cell-mediated hydrolysis allowed the following main results: (a) Addition of a xanthan aqueous solution to a chitosan aqueous solution result in spherical capsules with a chitosan–xanthan IPEC shell and a xanthan solution inside. (b) Destruction of the capsules, washing with water and lyophilization yields the stoichiometric IPEC with a porous structure, stabilized by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. (c) The swelling degree of IPEC in water is 65 and decreases to 32 after mixing IPEC with sand. (d) Addition of IPEC and xanthan to sand increases the maximum water capacity from 27% up to 59–62% while a substantial part of water in the modified sand retains available to plants. (e) Application of IPEC and xanthan over sand leads to the protective polymer-sand coatings, resistant to water erosion; the IPEC-sand coating provides only 1.4 wt % sand loss versus 16 wt % sand loss for the xanthan-sand coating. (f) Field trails have shown that IPEC has a longer service life. (g) Soil microorganisms utilize xanthan and IPEC, with the former being consumed much faster than the latter. The obtained results indicate the potential of using biodegradable IPEC as a combined eco-friendly soil ameliorant.