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Abstract <p>Nanofluids, dispersions of nanoparticles in base fluids, show great potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their ability to alter rock wettability, reduce interfacial tension, and improve sweep efficiency. This study assessed silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>), titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>), and graphene oxide (GO) nanofluids through stability analysis, wettability and interfacial tension measurements, core flooding experiments, and economic evaluation. SiO<sub>2</sub> and GO demonstrated a good stability under high salinity and elevated temperatures, whereas TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited partial aggregation. GO achieved the most significant improvements, reducing carbonate wettability from ~125° (oil-wet) to &lt;45° (water-wet), lowering interfacial tension from 18.5 to ~9 mN/m, and yielding incremental recoveries of 6–12% of the original oil in place. Economic analysis indicated feasibility at oil prices above 60–70 USD/bbl, with GO systems delivering the highest net present value and internal rates of return exceeding 20%. These results highlight the strong technical potential and economic viability of nanofluid-based EOR, particularly GO, for future field-scale deployment.</p>

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Nanofluid-Assisted Enhanced Oil Recovery: Experimental and Economic Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Mohammed Muayad Abd Ali,
  • Ameer M. Naji A. Aljaleel,
  • Bilal Rasim Hazim

摘要

Abstract

Nanofluids, dispersions of nanoparticles in base fluids, show great potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their ability to alter rock wettability, reduce interfacial tension, and improve sweep efficiency. This study assessed silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and graphene oxide (GO) nanofluids through stability analysis, wettability and interfacial tension measurements, core flooding experiments, and economic evaluation. SiO2 and GO demonstrated a good stability under high salinity and elevated temperatures, whereas TiO2 exhibited partial aggregation. GO achieved the most significant improvements, reducing carbonate wettability from ~125° (oil-wet) to <45° (water-wet), lowering interfacial tension from 18.5 to ~9 mN/m, and yielding incremental recoveries of 6–12% of the original oil in place. Economic analysis indicated feasibility at oil prices above 60–70 USD/bbl, with GO systems delivering the highest net present value and internal rates of return exceeding 20%. These results highlight the strong technical potential and economic viability of nanofluid-based EOR, particularly GO, for future field-scale deployment.