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Abstract <p>This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the kinematic and electromyographic characteristics of human locomotion before and after prolonged exposure to head-down tilt bed rest and&#xa0;head-up tilt bed rest of varying durations and their combination. Three experimental series were analyzed: 21-day head-down tilt bed rest at a body tilt angle of –6° relative to the horizontal (a model of the physiological effects of microgravity), 14-day head-up tilt bed rest at +9.6° (a model of lunar gravity effects), and sequential exposure to 3-day head-down tilt bed rest followed by 7-day head-up tilt bed rest (simulating a lunar mission). The biomechanical characteristics of locomotion performed on a horizontal surface (walking at a cadence of 60 steps/min and running at 10 km/h), as well as on an inclined surface (walking at 3.5 km/h), were analyzed. All bed rest models induced pronounced changes in locomotor kinematics and motor patterns. Any form of bed rest affected intramuscular and intermuscular coordination not only in gravity-dependent muscles but also in the ankle and knee flexors. The head-up tilt bed rest model with a constant body tilt angle elicited more pronounced changes in locomotor biomechanics compared to baseline. Walking on an inclined surface after bed rest was characterized by significant alterations in both kinematics and EMG activity of the lower limb muscles. In addition to changes in overall gait structure, sequential exposure to 3-day head-down tilt bed rest followed by 7-day head-up tilt bed rest resulted in a redistribution of the relative contributions of lower leg and thigh muscles, as well as individual muscles, to locomotion.</p>

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Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Cyclic Locomotion in Studies Using Various Ground-Based Models of Head-Down and Head-Up Tilt Bed Rest

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • A. V. Shpakov,
  • A. V. Voronov,
  • A. A. Puchkova,
  • G. K. Primachenko

摘要

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the kinematic and electromyographic characteristics of human locomotion before and after prolonged exposure to head-down tilt bed rest and head-up tilt bed rest of varying durations and their combination. Three experimental series were analyzed: 21-day head-down tilt bed rest at a body tilt angle of –6° relative to the horizontal (a model of the physiological effects of microgravity), 14-day head-up tilt bed rest at +9.6° (a model of lunar gravity effects), and sequential exposure to 3-day head-down tilt bed rest followed by 7-day head-up tilt bed rest (simulating a lunar mission). The biomechanical characteristics of locomotion performed on a horizontal surface (walking at a cadence of 60 steps/min and running at 10 km/h), as well as on an inclined surface (walking at 3.5 km/h), were analyzed. All bed rest models induced pronounced changes in locomotor kinematics and motor patterns. Any form of bed rest affected intramuscular and intermuscular coordination not only in gravity-dependent muscles but also in the ankle and knee flexors. The head-up tilt bed rest model with a constant body tilt angle elicited more pronounced changes in locomotor biomechanics compared to baseline. Walking on an inclined surface after bed rest was characterized by significant alterations in both kinematics and EMG activity of the lower limb muscles. In addition to changes in overall gait structure, sequential exposure to 3-day head-down tilt bed rest followed by 7-day head-up tilt bed rest resulted in a redistribution of the relative contributions of lower leg and thigh muscles, as well as individual muscles, to locomotion.