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Abstract <p>The article analyzes existing approaches to classifying tidal estuaries using the example of Indiga Bay in Sea Barents. Existing classifications of estuaries do not consider all possible combinations of relationships between stratification and tidal shifts, which depend not only on the phase of the tide but also change significantly when averaged over time exceeding the tidal period. When determining the type of estuary, it is necessary to make changes to the criteria used in classification for the freeze-up period. To simulate the hydrodynamic and thermohaline regimes of Indiga Bay, we used the FESOM-C model with an added ice module. We calculated three-dimensional distributions of velocities, salinity, temperature and turbulent characteristics for various tidal phases in the case of open water and for the freeze-up period. This study presents the results of three numerical experiments. The actual morphometry of the estuary was taken into account in all experiments. In one of the experiments, we excluded the influence of wind, all tidal harmonics except the main semi-diurnal M2 and seasonal differences in river flow and heat flows. Thus, the influence of the ice cover only as a solid cover was considered. In another experiment, we consider wind effects during summer and a broader spectrum of tidal fluctuations. In the next experiment, we used the most realistic conditions, i.e., we thought of the seasonal variation of river water flow and heat flows. The findings underscore the significant role of ice in modifying estuarine dynamics, highlighting increased stratification and altered saline water penetration under ice-covered conditions. We calculated the contribution to the total circulation velocity from the exchange flow caused by the covariance between changes in turbulent viscosity and velocity shear on the tidal time scale (“eddy viscosity-shear covariance” or ESCO circulation). Our calculations have shown that the component of the residual speed of the ESCO for the conditions of a real object is not the main one.</p>

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Studying Hydrophysical Processes in Summer and Winter Periods in the Tidal Arctic Estuary of the Indiga River Using a Mathematical Model FESOM-C

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • E. I. Debolskaya,
  • I. S. Kuznetsov,
  • A. A. Androsov

摘要

Abstract

The article analyzes existing approaches to classifying tidal estuaries using the example of Indiga Bay in Sea Barents. Existing classifications of estuaries do not consider all possible combinations of relationships between stratification and tidal shifts, which depend not only on the phase of the tide but also change significantly when averaged over time exceeding the tidal period. When determining the type of estuary, it is necessary to make changes to the criteria used in classification for the freeze-up period. To simulate the hydrodynamic and thermohaline regimes of Indiga Bay, we used the FESOM-C model with an added ice module. We calculated three-dimensional distributions of velocities, salinity, temperature and turbulent characteristics for various tidal phases in the case of open water and for the freeze-up period. This study presents the results of three numerical experiments. The actual morphometry of the estuary was taken into account in all experiments. In one of the experiments, we excluded the influence of wind, all tidal harmonics except the main semi-diurnal M2 and seasonal differences in river flow and heat flows. Thus, the influence of the ice cover only as a solid cover was considered. In another experiment, we consider wind effects during summer and a broader spectrum of tidal fluctuations. In the next experiment, we used the most realistic conditions, i.e., we thought of the seasonal variation of river water flow and heat flows. The findings underscore the significant role of ice in modifying estuarine dynamics, highlighting increased stratification and altered saline water penetration under ice-covered conditions. We calculated the contribution to the total circulation velocity from the exchange flow caused by the covariance between changes in turbulent viscosity and velocity shear on the tidal time scale (“eddy viscosity-shear covariance” or ESCO circulation). Our calculations have shown that the component of the residual speed of the ESCO for the conditions of a real object is not the main one.