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Abstract— <p>An optimization of a previously developed resource-saving technological scheme for the hydrometallurgical process of separating metals from leaching solutions of lithium–iron–phosphate batteries is carried out. The approach used in the work is based on the integration of the method of liquid pseudomembranes and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents into the process scheme, combining environmental safety (biodegradability, low toxicity) with high efficiency. A step-by-step approach to optimizing the process flow diagram is presented in order to reduce the number of apparatuses, the degree of concentration, the efficiency of extraction, and the purity of the resulting products. It is shown that the use of the liquid pseudomembrane method allows for a reduction in the number of apparatus units from 10 to 8 compared to the counter-current scheme. A significant concentration of iron(III) ions by 25 times and copper(II) and aluminum(III) by 5&#xa0;times is ensured in the stripping, while achieving product purity of up to 100 (Cu), 99.8 (Fe), 99.8 (Al), and 99.5% (Li). As a result of the work, an optimized closed-loop scheme is proposed. The proposed methodology demonstrates that the combination of the LPM method and green solvents opens the way to resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable hydrometallurgy.</p>

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Optimization of the Recycling Process for used LFP Batteries Using the Deep Eutectic Solvent D2EHPA/Menthol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • D. V. Lobovich,
  • N. A. Milevskii,
  • A. I. Yamchuk,
  • E. M. Ivannikova,
  • A. E. Kostanyan,
  • Yu. A. Zakhodyaeva,
  • A. A. Voshkin

摘要

Abstract—

An optimization of a previously developed resource-saving technological scheme for the hydrometallurgical process of separating metals from leaching solutions of lithium–iron–phosphate batteries is carried out. The approach used in the work is based on the integration of the method of liquid pseudomembranes and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents into the process scheme, combining environmental safety (biodegradability, low toxicity) with high efficiency. A step-by-step approach to optimizing the process flow diagram is presented in order to reduce the number of apparatuses, the degree of concentration, the efficiency of extraction, and the purity of the resulting products. It is shown that the use of the liquid pseudomembrane method allows for a reduction in the number of apparatus units from 10 to 8 compared to the counter-current scheme. A significant concentration of iron(III) ions by 25 times and copper(II) and aluminum(III) by 5 times is ensured in the stripping, while achieving product purity of up to 100 (Cu), 99.8 (Fe), 99.8 (Al), and 99.5% (Li). As a result of the work, an optimized closed-loop scheme is proposed. The proposed methodology demonstrates that the combination of the LPM method and green solvents opens the way to resource-efficient and environmentally sustainable hydrometallurgy.