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Abstract <p>Impact flow patterns of freely falling water droplets and aqueous solutions of ink and electrolytes in direct and reflected light are studied using high-speed video recording. The classification of the flow modes (and the set of components) is determined by the ratio of the kinetic and surface potential energies at the moment of droplet contact with the receiving liquid: intrusive at low velocities, transitional at comparable energy values, and impact. The intrusive mode involves a smoothly flowing intrusion, which then develops into a vortex ring. The impact mode is characterized by the formation of a thin transition layer containing ligaments and a discrete distribution of the droplet material on the cavity walls.</p>

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Fine Structures of the Rapid Mass Transfer Pattern of a Droplet Freely Falling into a Deep Liquid in Intrusive and Impact Modes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月1日

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  • A. Yu. Il’inykh

摘要

Abstract

Impact flow patterns of freely falling water droplets and aqueous solutions of ink and electrolytes in direct and reflected light are studied using high-speed video recording. The classification of the flow modes (and the set of components) is determined by the ratio of the kinetic and surface potential energies at the moment of droplet contact with the receiving liquid: intrusive at low velocities, transitional at comparable energy values, and impact. The intrusive mode involves a smoothly flowing intrusion, which then develops into a vortex ring. The impact mode is characterized by the formation of a thin transition layer containing ligaments and a discrete distribution of the droplet material on the cavity walls.