Abstract
We investigate an unsteady magnetohydrodynamic temperature and mass transfer of a hybrid tiny fluid mixed convection transfer of fluids through permeable material over a stretching sheet. The influence of thermal radiation and activation energy is also taken into consideration. In order to create hybrid nanoparticles, nanoparticles of titanium oxide (TiO \(_2\) ) and nanoparticles of alumina (Al \(_2\) O \(_3\) ) are mixed, and the base fluid is used as water. The set of discrete differential equations with nonlinear behavior that govern the fluid flow is transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations by the use of a similarity transformation and nondimensional variables. These equations are solved numerically by employing the Runge–Kutta fourth-order method in conjunction with various firing techniques. The consequences of a large number of interconnected factors, such as the magnetic field factors, the Prandtl number, the buoyancy factors, the unsteady factors, thermal radiation, the rate of chemical reaction, and the energy of activation are plotted and analyzed in relation to the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. The study reveals that increasing the magnetic field reduces fluid velocity, while higher activation energy and chemical reaction rates decrease concentration. Thermal radiation enhances temperature profiles, and the Prandtl number inversely affects the temperature.
