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Abstract <p>This paper outlines the specific features of high-strength cast iron (SGI) structuring with or without late graphitizing modification, the specifics of graphitizing modification, and the factors that determine the modification treatment. A detailed review is provided of the factors that facilitate the modification of the melting process, the factors that affect the choice of method and materials for the modification treatment, the factors that stimulate the growth of graphite inclusions, and the results of the aging process of the modifying effect in the cast iron melt. Polynomial dependences are given of the effect of magnesium content on the number of graphite globules and shrinkage in SGI, and of graphitizing modifier consumption on chilling of cast iron and the number of graphite globules. The main causes of chilling of cast iron are also specified. The primary features of the spheroidization mechanism of graphite inclusions are described along with an explanation of the mechanism of their formation and growth. Basic ladle magnesium treatment methods for cast iron melt are listed, and their efficiency for SGI production is characterized. One of the effective ways of SGI production using the ladle and lid technology is analyzed in detail. Chemical elements introduced into graphitizing modifiers are classified by efficiency. Compact graphite iron (CGI) is characterized in general, and the main problem of its production is indicated. Polynomial dependencies of the key mechanical properties of CGI and of thermal conductivity on the content of spheroidal graphite (SG) therein are shown. Five most common methods of CGI production are listed. The main features and characteristics of the CGI production method by ladle modification with magnesium/REM-containing modifier are described. The furnace and final in-cast chemical compositions of CGI are recommended. Polynomial dependences of the magnesium/REM-containing modifier charge and holding time of the cast iron melt treated with a modifier on graphite compactness degree (GCD) are shown.</p>

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Key Parameters of Modification Processes in Producing Graphitized Structural Cast Irons

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • D. A. Boldyrev,
  • L. I. Popova

摘要

Abstract

This paper outlines the specific features of high-strength cast iron (SGI) structuring with or without late graphitizing modification, the specifics of graphitizing modification, and the factors that determine the modification treatment. A detailed review is provided of the factors that facilitate the modification of the melting process, the factors that affect the choice of method and materials for the modification treatment, the factors that stimulate the growth of graphite inclusions, and the results of the aging process of the modifying effect in the cast iron melt. Polynomial dependences are given of the effect of magnesium content on the number of graphite globules and shrinkage in SGI, and of graphitizing modifier consumption on chilling of cast iron and the number of graphite globules. The main causes of chilling of cast iron are also specified. The primary features of the spheroidization mechanism of graphite inclusions are described along with an explanation of the mechanism of their formation and growth. Basic ladle magnesium treatment methods for cast iron melt are listed, and their efficiency for SGI production is characterized. One of the effective ways of SGI production using the ladle and lid technology is analyzed in detail. Chemical elements introduced into graphitizing modifiers are classified by efficiency. Compact graphite iron (CGI) is characterized in general, and the main problem of its production is indicated. Polynomial dependencies of the key mechanical properties of CGI and of thermal conductivity on the content of spheroidal graphite (SG) therein are shown. Five most common methods of CGI production are listed. The main features and characteristics of the CGI production method by ladle modification with magnesium/REM-containing modifier are described. The furnace and final in-cast chemical compositions of CGI are recommended. Polynomial dependences of the magnesium/REM-containing modifier charge and holding time of the cast iron melt treated with a modifier on graphite compactness degree (GCD) are shown.