Abstract <p>This paper takes the 6082 aluminum anode processed by friction stir processing (FSP) as the research object and systematically investigates the effects of the rotational speed during friction stir processing on the microstructure, electrochemical behavior, and battery performance of the aluminum anode. The results indicate that as the rotational speed of the stirring tool increases, the dissolution degree of the precipitated phases within the aluminum anode intensifies, with a significant reduction in both the size and volume fraction of the precipitated phases, while the matrix grain size experiences a slight increase. Compared with aluminum anodes prepared at low rotational speeds, those fabricated at high rotational speeds exhibit superior corrosion resistance and electrochemical activity, confirming the optimizing effect of increased rotational speed on the anode’s corrosion resistance. In the discharge performance test, the aluminum anode prepared at a high rotational speed exhibits higher discharge voltage and power density under different current densities. This study demonstrates that increasing the rotational speed in friction stir processing can effectively optimize the microstructure of the aluminum alloy anode, thereby steadily enhancing its corrosion resistance and discharge performance. This provides important process optimization ideas for the preparation of high-performance aluminum anodes.</p>