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Abstract <p>The dates of the beginning and end of mass spawning and their interannual variability are determined based on the data of long-term monitoring of sexual maturity for saffron cod <i>Eleganus gracilis</i> during its under-ice spawning in the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan. A tendency to earlier spawning and several shifts in this process associated with changes in environmental conditions, in particular, with climatic changes caused by global warming are found. The timing of spawning depends on conditions of summer-autumn feeding and maturation of fish in previous seasons: the warmer the subsurface water layer, the earlier saffron cod spawns. As a result, the period of mass spawning of the species in the study area, which began on average on December 25 and ended on January 12 in the 1970s, shifted to the period from December 18 to December 30 by 2021–2023. Besides, intraseasonal patterns of the spawning process are found, as several spawning runs in some years. The early run is presumably characteristic of younger fish that feed in the coastal zone, while older individuals of saffron cod run later due to feeding at greater depths and at lower temperature.</p>

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Dynamics of the Timing of Mass Spawning for Saffron Cod Eleginus gracilis (Gadidae) in the Amur Bay, Sea of Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • Yu. I. Zuenko,
  • L. A. Chernoivanova

摘要

Abstract

The dates of the beginning and end of mass spawning and their interannual variability are determined based on the data of long-term monitoring of sexual maturity for saffron cod Eleganus gracilis during its under-ice spawning in the Amur Bay of the Sea of Japan. A tendency to earlier spawning and several shifts in this process associated with changes in environmental conditions, in particular, with climatic changes caused by global warming are found. The timing of spawning depends on conditions of summer-autumn feeding and maturation of fish in previous seasons: the warmer the subsurface water layer, the earlier saffron cod spawns. As a result, the period of mass spawning of the species in the study area, which began on average on December 25 and ended on January 12 in the 1970s, shifted to the period from December 18 to December 30 by 2021–2023. Besides, intraseasonal patterns of the spawning process are found, as several spawning runs in some years. The early run is presumably characteristic of younger fish that feed in the coastal zone, while older individuals of saffron cod run later due to feeding at greater depths and at lower temperature.