Abstract <p>The Ebinur Lake Wetland is a significant saline wetland situated in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang, China, characterized by abundant soil microbial resources that play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance and promoting biodiversity. This study aimed to elucidate the diversity and community structure of myxobacteria in the rhizosphere soil of plants within the Ebinur Lake Wetland, as current knowledge on this topic is limited. The analysis focused on the community composition and diversity of myxobacteria associated with 13 salt-tolerant plant species, as well as their responses to soil physicochemical properties. Results indicated that myxobacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences accounted for 0.7 to 3.02% of total bacterial sequences, establishing them as a dominant group. <i>Haliangium</i> was identified as the absolute dominant genus among the myxobacteria. The highest diversity of myxobacteria was observed in the rhizosphere soil of <i>Cynanchum sibiricum</i>, while the lowest diversity was associated with <i>Tamarix chinensis</i>. Significant correlations were found between myxobacterial diversity and soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with redundancy analysis (RDA) revealing that EC was the most important factor influencing myxobacteria diversity. Furthermore, myxobacteria exhibited significant mutualistic relationships with such plant growth-promoting bacteria as rhizobia, suggesting their potential roles in the salt tolerance of halophytes and the stability of wetland ecosystems. This study provides essential data and theoretical support for understanding wetland ecological restoration and microbial communities in saline-alkaline soils of the Ebinur Lake Wetland.</p>