Abstract <p>In this work, thermoelastic properties of an infinitely long hollow cylinder are analyzed by considering the nonlocal effect and fractional thermoelasticity. It is assumed that the hollow cylinder is homogeneous and isotropic with the outer surface subjected to thermal shock and traction-free, while the inner surface is adiabatic and fixed. To facilitate a qualitative discussion, the Laplace transform and its numerical inverse method are employed. Firstly, the results are reduced to a simpler case and compared with the results obtained by Sherief to verify the correctness of the theoretical derivations. Subsequently, the effects of fractional order parameters, nonlocal coefficients, and time on the dimensionless displacement, temperature, and stress are depicted graphically and discussed.</p>