Abstract <p>Short-term disuse (up to a month) has a negative impact onvarious organs and systems of the human body, including a significantdecrease in the mass and functional capabilities of skeletal muscles (strength,aerobic performance, and insulin sensitivity). These changes aremost pronounced in the postural muscles of the trunk and legs, andespecially in the “slow” <i>m. soleus</i>.A decrease in the protein synthesis rate is a key cause of musclemass loss, whereas the role of protein degradation appears to beminor. Furthermore, <i>m. soleus</i> exhibitsa significantly more pronounced transcriptomic response comparedto the “mixed” <i>m. vastus lateralis</i>,which is characterized by an increased expression of genes encoding inflammatoryand immune response proteins. This review addresses the mechanismsof this response and the effectiveness of using anti-inflammatory drugsfor the prevention of negative effects of short-term (as well aschronic) disuse. While animal model studies have demonstrated apositive effect of anti-inflammatory therapy, the effectivenessof this approach in human volunteers remains largely unexplored.Research into the effects of various anti-inflammatory drugs andtheir combinations on skeletal muscle, as well as their mechanismsof action, appears to be a promising avenue for developing approachesto correcting the negative effects of short-term and chronic disusepharmacologically.</p>