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Abstract <p>Despite the diverse etiologies of central nervous system (CNS)diseases, such as ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’sdisease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, these conditions share common mechanisms,biochemical pathways, and processes. These include neuroinflammationand neuronal death, mediated by various molecules, including cytokines.Cytokines are key mediators involved in the regulation of variousimmune and inflammatory processes and serve as biomarkers for manydiseases. Cytokines and related molecules form a complex networkthat modulates the immune system, exerting a wide range of influenceson its functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the involvementof cytokines and related molecules in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases,both acute (stroke) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, includingParkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy. This articleexamines the key functions and roles of the TNF-α, NF-κB, and Fassignaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most common CNS diseases.These molecules can serve as biomarkers for acute and chronic CNSdiseases and play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis.While TNF-α inhibition has been shown to yield beneficial resultsin some diseases, conflicting data have been obtained for Alzheimer’sdisease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy due to the activationof different pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades depending on TNFR1or TNFR2 receptor binding. The use of highly selective NF-κB inhibitorsleads to varying, mostly positive, results depending on the disease.Inhibition of Fas with monoclonal antibodies has shown significant resultsin the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Thus, TNF-α,NF-κB and Fas, as well as their adapter molecules, appear to bepromising therapeutic targets for the treatment of nervous systemdiseases of various etiologies.</p>

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Involvement of TNF-α, NF-κB, and Fas Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Certain Diseases of the Nervous System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • E. D. Bazhanova,
  • A. A. Kozlov

摘要

Abstract

Despite the diverse etiologies of central nervous system (CNS)diseases, such as ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’sdisease, schizophrenia, and epilepsy, these conditions share common mechanisms,biochemical pathways, and processes. These include neuroinflammationand neuronal death, mediated by various molecules, including cytokines.Cytokines are key mediators involved in the regulation of variousimmune and inflammatory processes and serve as biomarkers for manydiseases. Cytokines and related molecules form a complex networkthat modulates the immune system, exerting a wide range of influenceson its functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the involvementof cytokines and related molecules in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases,both acute (stroke) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, includingParkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and epilepsy. This articleexamines the key functions and roles of the TNF-α, NF-κB, and Fassignaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most common CNS diseases.These molecules can serve as biomarkers for acute and chronic CNSdiseases and play an important role in diagnosis and prognosis.While TNF-α inhibition has been shown to yield beneficial resultsin some diseases, conflicting data have been obtained for Alzheimer’sdisease, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy due to the activationof different pro- and anti-inflammatory cascades depending on TNFR1or TNFR2 receptor binding. The use of highly selective NF-κB inhibitorsleads to varying, mostly positive, results depending on the disease.Inhibition of Fas with monoclonal antibodies has shown significant resultsin the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Thus, TNF-α,NF-κB and Fas, as well as their adapter molecules, appear to bepromising therapeutic targets for the treatment of nervous systemdiseases of various etiologies.