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Abstract <p>Anuran amphibians possess two types of rod photoreceptors:abundant “red” rods (RRs) and rare “green” rods (GRs), which expressa short-wavelength visual pigment identical to that of blue-sensitivecones. It has been unclear whether their phototransduction cascadeis rod- or cone-like. Using the combination of the suction-pipette methodand single-cell PCR on individually identified GRs and “red” rods(RRs) of the toad, we show that the key phototransduction proteins—rhodopsin kinase,transducin α-subunit, phosphodiesterase-6 α- and γ-subunits, andthe cGMP-gated channel α-subunit—are predominantly expressed asrod-specific isoforms in both GRs and RRs. This finding suggeststhat the phototransduction machinery of GRs is fundamentally rod-like,despite the presence of a cone-like pigment.</p>

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Dominant Expression of Rod-Specific Isoforms Defines the Phototransduction Cascade in Both “Red” and “Green” Rods of the Toad

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • O. V. Chernyshkova,
  • D. A. Nikolaeva,
  • V. I. Veligura,
  • M. L. Firsov

摘要

Abstract

Anuran amphibians possess two types of rod photoreceptors:abundant “red” rods (RRs) and rare “green” rods (GRs), which expressa short-wavelength visual pigment identical to that of blue-sensitivecones. It has been unclear whether their phototransduction cascadeis rod- or cone-like. Using the combination of the suction-pipette methodand single-cell PCR on individually identified GRs and “red” rods(RRs) of the toad, we show that the key phototransduction proteins—rhodopsin kinase,transducin α-subunit, phosphodiesterase-6 α- and γ-subunits, andthe cGMP-gated channel α-subunit—are predominantly expressed asrod-specific isoforms in both GRs and RRs. This finding suggeststhat the phototransduction machinery of GRs is fundamentally rod-like,despite the presence of a cone-like pigment.