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Abstract <p>The aim of the work was to determine gender differences inthe force–velocity capabilities of athletes specializing in speedskating and BMX cycling, as well as physically active people whodo not engage in regular physical activity. The objectives of thestudy included assessing the technical capabilities of an experimentalsample of a contact LED track (CLT) designed for testing athletesby performing jump tests. The study involved athletes from the Russiannational speed skating and BMX cycling teams, as well as physicallyactive volunteers. Among the speed skaters, 4 were male and 8 werefemale. Cyclists were represented by 6 men and 7 women. There weretwo groups of volunteers: 10 male and 9 female. During the study,athletes and volunteers performed two types of test exercises: extensionof the lower limb at the knee joint (single-joint movement) on anisokinetic dynamometer and jump tests (multi-joint movement). Inaddition to force–velocity capabilities, electromyographic activityof <i>mm.&#xa0;vastus lateralis</i>, <i>vastus medialis</i>, <i>rectus femoris</i> was recorded. Themaximum voluntary force during the performance of multi-joint movementswas determined in a series of jump tests: squat jump; countermovementjump; countermovement jump with arm swing. The results of the studymade it possible to evaluate gender differences in the performanceof single- and multi-joint movements in tests aimed at assessingthe force–velocity capabilities of the muscles of the lower extremitiesin representatives of speed skating and cycling, as well as peoplewho do not engage in regular physical activity. It has been shownthat the maximum jump height in a group of athletes depends muchmore on the individual athlete’s level of training than on gender.In terms of gender, no significant difference in maximum jump heightwas observed between male and female athletes, as was the case inthe volunteer group. We associate the differences identified betweenrepresentatives of different sports with the characteristics oftraining and competitive loads, and the characteristics of the techniqueof performing competitive exercises. The use of the proposed methodologywith the use of CLT and an isokinetic dynamometer in testing inthe practice of the training process can reveal the “strong” and“weak” sides of athletes in terms of assessing the functional stateof the musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities and makethe necessary adjustments to training exercises.</p>

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Gender Differences in Force–Velocity Capabilities of High-Class Speed Skaters and Cyclists, as well as Physically Active People in Single-Joint and Multi-Joint Movements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • A. V. Voronov,
  • A. V. Shpakov,
  • G. K. Primachenko,
  • N. N. Sokolov,
  • R. V. Malkin

摘要

Abstract

The aim of the work was to determine gender differences inthe force–velocity capabilities of athletes specializing in speedskating and BMX cycling, as well as physically active people whodo not engage in regular physical activity. The objectives of thestudy included assessing the technical capabilities of an experimentalsample of a contact LED track (CLT) designed for testing athletesby performing jump tests. The study involved athletes from the Russiannational speed skating and BMX cycling teams, as well as physicallyactive volunteers. Among the speed skaters, 4 were male and 8 werefemale. Cyclists were represented by 6 men and 7 women. There weretwo groups of volunteers: 10 male and 9 female. During the study,athletes and volunteers performed two types of test exercises: extensionof the lower limb at the knee joint (single-joint movement) on anisokinetic dynamometer and jump tests (multi-joint movement). Inaddition to force–velocity capabilities, electromyographic activityof mm. vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris was recorded. Themaximum voluntary force during the performance of multi-joint movementswas determined in a series of jump tests: squat jump; countermovementjump; countermovement jump with arm swing. The results of the studymade it possible to evaluate gender differences in the performanceof single- and multi-joint movements in tests aimed at assessingthe force–velocity capabilities of the muscles of the lower extremitiesin representatives of speed skating and cycling, as well as peoplewho do not engage in regular physical activity. It has been shownthat the maximum jump height in a group of athletes depends muchmore on the individual athlete’s level of training than on gender.In terms of gender, no significant difference in maximum jump heightwas observed between male and female athletes, as was the case inthe volunteer group. We associate the differences identified betweenrepresentatives of different sports with the characteristics oftraining and competitive loads, and the characteristics of the techniqueof performing competitive exercises. The use of the proposed methodologywith the use of CLT and an isokinetic dynamometer in testing inthe practice of the training process can reveal the “strong” and“weak” sides of athletes in terms of assessing the functional stateof the musculoskeletal system of the lower extremities and makethe necessary adjustments to training exercises.