Abstract <p>Currently, the increasing number of studies demonstrate thetransgenerational influence of maternal and paternal stress on variousfunctions of offspring. The effects of maternal (prenatal) stresscan be transmitted to subsequent offspring generations through themale line. Various psychopathologies in adult men, such as post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD), manifest themselves in their children as variouspostnatal disorders. In this context, the aim of the present studywas to investigate the consequences of PTSD modeling (stress–restressparadigm) in prenatally stressed (PS) male rats before mating withnaïve females on the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical(HPA) axis and plasma levels of sex hormones in the offspring ofboth sexes. The study was carried out not only on the offspringof PS males and PS males with PTSD modeling before conception butalso on similar groups of offspring obtained from control males.It was shown that as early as day 5 of life, changes in HPA axisactivity were observed in the offspring of stressed males, primarilyin male offspring. In sexually mature offspring, regardless of sexor the group of PS fathers, a reduction in basal and stress-induced HPAaxis activity was found, along with its accelerated inhibition afterstress activation. A decrease in testosterone levels was detectedin the offspring of control and PS males with a PTSD model, as wellas a reduction in estradiol levels was observed in the female offspringof PS males with a PTSD model. It was concluded that the effectsof PTSD modeling in male rats during spermatogenesis on HPA axisactivity in their sexually mature offspring are similar and do notdepend on the sex of the offspring or whether the males were prenatallystressed. A PTSD-like state in males exerts similar effects on testosteronelevels in their offspring, which may reduce their reproductive abilitiesunder unfavorable environmental conditions.</p>