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Abstract <p>The incidence of severe obesity is increasing among youngpeople and depends on gender. The development of obesity is promotedby the consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, yet the influenceof age and gender on adaptation to high-calorie diets remain poorlyunderstood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectof sex and age on short-term adaptation to a high-calorie palatable diet(PD, standard chow, lard, and sweet cookie) in the age range fromyouth to adulthood in mice. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fedthe PD for 2 weeks, starting at ages 7 (young), 17 (early adult),and 27 weeks (adult). Energy intake, food choice, as well as morphometricand plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated. Both sex and agesignificantly affected food choices and all studied parameters.From the young to the early adult age, blood levels of fibroblastgrowth factor 21 (FGF21) decreased, while cookie consumption increased.The PD increased white fat mass and blood glucose levels, whilereducing glucose tolerance in young females more markedly than inyoung males. In early adult mice, the PD had no effect on glucosetolerance or blood glucose levels. In adult mice, the PD increasedbody weight, induced hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia,and reduced glucose tolerance only in males, with no such effectsobserved in females. Thus, the response to a high-calorie diet changeswith age and differs by sex: male mice are more resilient to a PDthan females in their youth but less so in adulthood. Sex and theage at which a diet is initiated are critical factors in the pathophysiologyof obesity.</p>

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Sex and Age Affect Food Choice and Metabolic Adaptation to Short-Term High-Calorie Palatable Diet Consumption in Mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • E. N. Makarova,
  • P. E. Orlov,
  • A. Yu. Kazantseva,
  • T. W. Jakovleva,
  • N. M. Bazhan

摘要

Abstract

The incidence of severe obesity is increasing among youngpeople and depends on gender. The development of obesity is promotedby the consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, yet the influenceof age and gender on adaptation to high-calorie diets remain poorlyunderstood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectof sex and age on short-term adaptation to a high-calorie palatable diet(PD, standard chow, lard, and sweet cookie) in the age range fromyouth to adulthood in mice. Male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fedthe PD for 2 weeks, starting at ages 7 (young), 17 (early adult),and 27 weeks (adult). Energy intake, food choice, as well as morphometricand plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated. Both sex and agesignificantly affected food choices and all studied parameters.From the young to the early adult age, blood levels of fibroblastgrowth factor 21 (FGF21) decreased, while cookie consumption increased.The PD increased white fat mass and blood glucose levels, whilereducing glucose tolerance in young females more markedly than inyoung males. In early adult mice, the PD had no effect on glucosetolerance or blood glucose levels. In adult mice, the PD increasedbody weight, induced hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia,and reduced glucose tolerance only in males, with no such effectsobserved in females. Thus, the response to a high-calorie diet changeswith age and differs by sex: male mice are more resilient to a PDthan females in their youth but less so in adulthood. Sex and theage at which a diet is initiated are critical factors in the pathophysiologyof obesity.