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Abstract <p>The article presents the specifics of intra-, intermuscular,and cross-manifestations of impulse activity of various groups ofafferents (Ia, Ib, and II) of the antagonist muscles of the bilaterallower legs when performing high-speed locomotor movements. The studyinvolved 9 male athletes specializing in short-distance runningwho performed a locomotor test—pushing a passive treadmill beltfor 10 seconds at the fastest possible speed. Electromyograms ofthe antagonist muscles lower legs (m. tibialis anterior, m. gastrocnemiusmed.) were recorded during running, followed by its processing inthe MatLab program and calculation of the impulse activity of primaryand secondary afferents using mathematical model based on the predictionof the triggering of muscle spindles. It has been established thathigh-speed running is a cross intramuscular EMG pattern of tensionof the antagonist muscles of the bilateral lower legs with a transitionto their relaxation, which depends on the phase of movement. Suchmuscle innervation in the individual phases of a high-speed runningstep was manifested by effective intermuscular coordination of theflexor and extensor in the phases of stance and swing of the rightleg, pronounced reciprocal relations of homonymous antagonisticmuscles of the lower leg in the phases of swing of the right andstance of the left legs. Intramuscular proprioceptive afferentationof the antagonist muscles lower legs of high-speed movement is characterizedby the manifestation of strong impulse activity of afferents Ib,moderate afferents II and weak Ia afferents of flexors and extensorsof the of symmetrical legs. A phase-dependent modulation of theintermuscular afferentation of the primary and secondary fibersof the flexors and extensors of the bilateral lower legs in thephases of stance and swing of a high-speed running step is shown.The cross-interactions of afferent activity of homologous musclesof the bilateral lower legs in different phases of movement, characteristicof a high-speed running step, have been established. The identifiedfeatures of intramuscular, intermuscular, and cross-limb afferentactivity during running reflect their key role in regulating theinhibitory interneuron network of the spinal cord, which maintainstargeted muscle contraction and modulates motor output parametersas a whole. The supposed reflex mechanisms of high-speed locomotormovements are discussed on the basis of well-known phenomena associatedwith the interaction of various afferent inputs to the spinal cordneuronal apparatus in the system of lower leg antagonist muscles.</p>

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Peculiarities of Afferent Innervation of Antagonist Muscles of the Bilateral Lower Legs during High-Speed Locomotor Movements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • A. A. Chelnokov,
  • M. G. Barkanov,
  • D. A. Gladchenko,
  • R. M. Gorodnichev

摘要

Abstract

The article presents the specifics of intra-, intermuscular,and cross-manifestations of impulse activity of various groups ofafferents (Ia, Ib, and II) of the antagonist muscles of the bilaterallower legs when performing high-speed locomotor movements. The studyinvolved 9 male athletes specializing in short-distance runningwho performed a locomotor test—pushing a passive treadmill beltfor 10 seconds at the fastest possible speed. Electromyograms ofthe antagonist muscles lower legs (m. tibialis anterior, m. gastrocnemiusmed.) were recorded during running, followed by its processing inthe MatLab program and calculation of the impulse activity of primaryand secondary afferents using mathematical model based on the predictionof the triggering of muscle spindles. It has been established thathigh-speed running is a cross intramuscular EMG pattern of tensionof the antagonist muscles of the bilateral lower legs with a transitionto their relaxation, which depends on the phase of movement. Suchmuscle innervation in the individual phases of a high-speed runningstep was manifested by effective intermuscular coordination of theflexor and extensor in the phases of stance and swing of the rightleg, pronounced reciprocal relations of homonymous antagonisticmuscles of the lower leg in the phases of swing of the right andstance of the left legs. Intramuscular proprioceptive afferentationof the antagonist muscles lower legs of high-speed movement is characterizedby the manifestation of strong impulse activity of afferents Ib,moderate afferents II and weak Ia afferents of flexors and extensorsof the of symmetrical legs. A phase-dependent modulation of theintermuscular afferentation of the primary and secondary fibersof the flexors and extensors of the bilateral lower legs in thephases of stance and swing of a high-speed running step is shown.The cross-interactions of afferent activity of homologous musclesof the bilateral lower legs in different phases of movement, characteristicof a high-speed running step, have been established. The identifiedfeatures of intramuscular, intermuscular, and cross-limb afferentactivity during running reflect their key role in regulating theinhibitory interneuron network of the spinal cord, which maintainstargeted muscle contraction and modulates motor output parametersas a whole. The supposed reflex mechanisms of high-speed locomotormovements are discussed on the basis of well-known phenomena associatedwith the interaction of various afferent inputs to the spinal cordneuronal apparatus in the system of lower leg antagonist muscles.