Abstract <p>Kimberlite and lamproite are rare alkaline rocks that exhibit high concentrations of alkalis and volatile contents. These rocks are unique in their geochemical characteristics and are highly susceptible to alteration processes which can result in the depletion of mobile elemental (such as K, Na, and LILEs) concentrations. Despite geochemical similarities, kimberlites and lamproites have certain differences and do not plot within their respective fields when using the extant discrimination diagrams. To address this issue, here we develop new discrimination diagrams based on HFSEs (such as Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Ti, Y), Ce and Yb. HFSEs have high affinity to alkaline rocks, and also remain immobile during various magmatic and post-magmatic processes. Although their concentration or geochemical behaviour varies distinctively between lamproites and kimberlites, which make them ideal for a precise classification of kimberlites and lamproites. The newly proposed discrimination diagrams are effective in discriminating kimberlite from lamproite with 92 to 97% accuracy despite their variable potassium and titanium contents, altered/unaltered and contaminated/non-contaminated nature. These new discrimination diagrams based on HFSEs offer a promising solution to the existing challenge of accurately classifying these rocks with the combination of other geochemical parameters such as petrographic, mineral-chemistry, and petrochemical investigations.</p>