<p>The development of new personalized approaches to nondrug treatment of functional disorders and impairments is a priority area of scientific and technological development in Russia. This review analyzes innovative research line using automatic modulation of noninvasive sensory stimuli (transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation, acoustic, optical, and audiovisual stimuli) by rhythmic components of a subject’s electroencephalogram for therapeutic purposes. When considering numerous examples of successful therapeutic use of sensory stimulation automatically modulated by feedback signals from rhythmic components of the electroencephalogram, an analysis of the observed effects is undertaken depending on the conditions and parameters of the organization of these electroencephalogram-controlled stimulations. The main advantages of the approach are considered, such as the optimal involvement of neuroplasticity mechanisms and resonance mechanisms of the brain in the therapeutic process. The prospects for the development of this line of research are outlined using the example of the author’s own research.</p>