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<p>It is known that microgravity leads to significant changes in the functioning of human physiological systems. In vitro, mechanosensitive cells also adapt to microgravity, demonstrating a rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements and functional activity. The effect of prolonged microgravity simulated on a Gravite position randomization device was studied on cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of umbilical cord tissue. After 21 days of exposure, the cells retained high viability and a characteristic stromal phenotype. The expression of CD90 and CD105 markers involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion increased on their surface. The cytokine profile changed, and the concentration of pleiotropic cytokines MCP-3, GM-CSF, and PDGF-AA, which potentiate metalloproteinase activity, increased. The expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1 and osteocalcin increased, while osteopontin decreased. The main extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, collagen, and osteopontin were visualized in both experimental groups, while collagen was more pronounced after microgravity. The described changes indicate adaptive shift in the local microenvironment and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in response to prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity while maintaining the functional activity of mesenchymal stromal cells.</p>

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Modification of the Extracellular Matrix of the Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells during Long-Term Simulating of Microgravity Effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • A. N. Gornostaeva,
  • Yu. A. Romanov,
  • L. B. Buravkova

摘要

It is known that microgravity leads to significant changes in the functioning of human physiological systems. In vitro, mechanosensitive cells also adapt to microgravity, demonstrating a rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements and functional activity. The effect of prolonged microgravity simulated on a Gravite position randomization device was studied on cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of umbilical cord tissue. After 21 days of exposure, the cells retained high viability and a characteristic stromal phenotype. The expression of CD90 and CD105 markers involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion increased on their surface. The cytokine profile changed, and the concentration of pleiotropic cytokines MCP-3, GM-CSF, and PDGF-AA, which potentiate metalloproteinase activity, increased. The expression of genes encoding matrix metalloproteinase MMP-1 and osteocalcin increased, while osteopontin decreased. The main extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, collagen, and osteopontin were visualized in both experimental groups, while collagen was more pronounced after microgravity. The described changes indicate adaptive shift in the local microenvironment and remodeling of the extracellular matrix in response to prolonged exposure to simulated microgravity while maintaining the functional activity of mesenchymal stromal cells.