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<p>In today’s rapidly growing digital business environment, digital transformation is particularly important for manufacturing enterprises to maintain a sustainable competitive edge. However, digital transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is confronted with the difficulties of slow initial progress and difficult. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) theory, this study presents a comprehensive analytical framework aimed at understanding digital transformation. Using a sample of 220 Chinese manufacturing enterprises, hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) are applied to explore the net and joint effects of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on digital transformation. The results indicate that R&amp;D intensity, R&amp;D human capital, firm size, slack resource, government support and urban digital development serve as critical enablers of digital transformation, and four effective path patterns for achieving high-level digital transformation are refined by the interrelated effects of those six factors, i.e., three-dimensional balanced path, technology-driven path, organization-driven path, and organization-environment oriented path. Interestingly, HRA establishes the necessary prerequisites and guarantees for the implementation of fsQCA, and fsQCA offers insights for complex causality that are not captured by HRA. The combination of these two methods provides a more detailed understanding of digital transformation. The findings enrich the literature that links TOE theory and digital transformation, providing new insights for managers and policymakers to facilitate digital transformation in the manufacturing sector.</p>

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Identifying the driving factors of digital transformation in Chinese manufacturing enterprises: a mixed-methods study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Shuting Chen,
  • Aojie Zhou,
  • Dengke Yu

摘要

In today’s rapidly growing digital business environment, digital transformation is particularly important for manufacturing enterprises to maintain a sustainable competitive edge. However, digital transformation of Chinese manufacturing enterprises is confronted with the difficulties of slow initial progress and difficult. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) theory, this study presents a comprehensive analytical framework aimed at understanding digital transformation. Using a sample of 220 Chinese manufacturing enterprises, hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) are applied to explore the net and joint effects of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on digital transformation. The results indicate that R&D intensity, R&D human capital, firm size, slack resource, government support and urban digital development serve as critical enablers of digital transformation, and four effective path patterns for achieving high-level digital transformation are refined by the interrelated effects of those six factors, i.e., three-dimensional balanced path, technology-driven path, organization-driven path, and organization-environment oriented path. Interestingly, HRA establishes the necessary prerequisites and guarantees for the implementation of fsQCA, and fsQCA offers insights for complex causality that are not captured by HRA. The combination of these two methods provides a more detailed understanding of digital transformation. The findings enrich the literature that links TOE theory and digital transformation, providing new insights for managers and policymakers to facilitate digital transformation in the manufacturing sector.