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<p>Promoting payment mechanisms for rural domestic waste management is a key solution to the funding shortage of rural waste governance. This study explores farmers’ preferences for service attributes under the Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) scheme and designs differentiated and operable PAYT service packages. Based on a discrete choice experiment and a large-scale field survey covering one thousand households across one hundred villages in Shandong Province, this paper analyzes farmers’ preference heterogeneity concerning five core service attributes: waste collection modes, collection frequency, waste sorting standards, sanitation staffing and payment standards. The results show that farmers generally express a strong willingness to join the PAYT program with distinct preference differences. Estimates from the mixed logit model reveal that the implementation of this payment scheme can effectively improve social welfare, and the collected fees can cover 68.018% of rural waste removal costs, a finding consistent with the result of the contingent valuation method. Vulnerable farmers are only significantly influenced by door-to-door collection services, so fee reduction or exemption policies are recommended for this group. For ordinary farmers, upgrading waste collection, sorting and sanitation services can greatly boost their participation. Adopting a bottom-up perspective based on farmers’ preferences, this study constructs a complete PAYT system including basic services, optional services, charging standards and supporting mechanisms, which fully incorporates preference heterogeneity into service and charging design. The proposed scheme is practical and adaptable to rural demands. This research provides policy references for establishing sustainable domestic waste payment systems in rural China and other developing countries.</p>

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Designing rural waste payment services in China: the role of household heterogeneity

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月3日

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  • Huibo Sun,
  • Li Liu,
  • Xia Zhao

摘要

Promoting payment mechanisms for rural domestic waste management is a key solution to the funding shortage of rural waste governance. This study explores farmers’ preferences for service attributes under the Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) scheme and designs differentiated and operable PAYT service packages. Based on a discrete choice experiment and a large-scale field survey covering one thousand households across one hundred villages in Shandong Province, this paper analyzes farmers’ preference heterogeneity concerning five core service attributes: waste collection modes, collection frequency, waste sorting standards, sanitation staffing and payment standards. The results show that farmers generally express a strong willingness to join the PAYT program with distinct preference differences. Estimates from the mixed logit model reveal that the implementation of this payment scheme can effectively improve social welfare, and the collected fees can cover 68.018% of rural waste removal costs, a finding consistent with the result of the contingent valuation method. Vulnerable farmers are only significantly influenced by door-to-door collection services, so fee reduction or exemption policies are recommended for this group. For ordinary farmers, upgrading waste collection, sorting and sanitation services can greatly boost their participation. Adopting a bottom-up perspective based on farmers’ preferences, this study constructs a complete PAYT system including basic services, optional services, charging standards and supporting mechanisms, which fully incorporates preference heterogeneity into service and charging design. The proposed scheme is practical and adaptable to rural demands. This research provides policy references for establishing sustainable domestic waste payment systems in rural China and other developing countries.