<p>Peer delinquent behaviors are widely recognized as an important influence on adolescent development; however, their specific impact on adolescents’ positive functioning and the mechanisms involved remain understudied. Addressing this research gap, the present study investigates the association between peer delinquent behaviors and adolescent positive functioning, with a focus on the mediating role of school troubles and the potential moderating effect of gender. The analysis draws on data from 2069 adolescents who participated in the Wave 6 of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study. The results show that peer delinquent behaviors are negatively associated with adolescent positive functioning. Moreover, this relationship is partially mediated by school troubles, indicating that school-related difficulties serve as an important pathway through which peer delinquent behaviors impact adolescent positive functioning. The study further finds that gender does not significantly moderate these associations, suggesting that the observed pathways operate similarly for male and female adolescents. These findings offer valuable insights for school- and community-based strategies aimed at promoting adolescent well-being and reducing the adverse consequences of delinquent peer affiliation.</p>