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<p>Lefevere’s rewriting theory posits translation as a non-neutral practice governed by ideology, poetics, and patronage. However, the micro-level mechanisms of how patronage shapes “poetic reframing” often remain obscured. Drawing on archival evidence from Gary Snyder’s manuscript, this study explores the collaborative “negotiation” between Snyder and scholar Achilles Fang. By categorizing Fang’s handwritten interventions into correction, refinement, and confirmation, the study reveals how scholarly patronage functions as an invisible shaping force. It demonstrates that Fang’s suggestions further aligned Snyder’s work with institutional philological rigors and Zen orthodoxies, contributing to the translation’s successful entry into the academic and literary field of mid-century America. Ultimately, this study affirms the relevance of patronage in translation and underscores the importance of archival research in understanding the practical mechanisms of “rewriting.”</p>

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Painting Cold Mountain based on Lefevere’s Translation Rewriting Theory: new evidence from Snyder’s manuscript

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Ting Li,
  • Jia Yang

摘要

Lefevere’s rewriting theory posits translation as a non-neutral practice governed by ideology, poetics, and patronage. However, the micro-level mechanisms of how patronage shapes “poetic reframing” often remain obscured. Drawing on archival evidence from Gary Snyder’s manuscript, this study explores the collaborative “negotiation” between Snyder and scholar Achilles Fang. By categorizing Fang’s handwritten interventions into correction, refinement, and confirmation, the study reveals how scholarly patronage functions as an invisible shaping force. It demonstrates that Fang’s suggestions further aligned Snyder’s work with institutional philological rigors and Zen orthodoxies, contributing to the translation’s successful entry into the academic and literary field of mid-century America. Ultimately, this study affirms the relevance of patronage in translation and underscores the importance of archival research in understanding the practical mechanisms of “rewriting.”