<p>This paper explores a mixed-method approach to introduce a framework for identifying the themes of critical factors affecting livelihood recovery in two countries. A comparative case study was conducted in this research, using both surveys and in-depth interviews in the selected communities of Lushan, China, and Kaikōura, New Zealand. The results show that the factors affecting livelihood recovery in those two communities fall into three main themes: individual characteristics, social cohesion, and access to resources. Respondents in Lushan consider government policies a major category, whereas the population in Kaikōura classifies those factors as external support and proactive factors. Distilling the comparative results from two distinctive contexts, the article highlights the most significant difference between those countries regarding livelihood recovery: the role of governance and individuals’ risk-related adaptive choices. This study aims to advise policymakers and practitioners to foreground individuals’ perspectives on livelihood transformation and prioritize livelihood preparedness and resilience.</p>