Implementing Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) in Moroccan Public Universities: A Pyramid of Best Practices for Overcoming Systemic Challenges
摘要
Morocco’s public higher education sector faces significant structural challenges, particularly in open access institutions (OAIs), which struggle with issues such as massification, insufficient resources, and limited faculty support. As a result, these institutions have lower graduation rates and weaker graduate employment outcomes. In response, work-integrated learning (WIL) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance graduate employability. However, WIL implementation faces numerous constraints and challenges, specifically for OAIs. This research seeks to identify best practices for implementing WIL programs in the specific context of the Rabat-Salé-Kénitra (RSK) region in Morocco. To achieve this, we benchmarked international best practices in WIL programs and explored the views of local stakeholders. The findings highlight that the success of WIL hinges on fulfilling seven critical prerequisites at institutional, organizational, and pedagogical levels. This requires a contractual relationship, strengthened collaboration, financial resources, innovative pedagogical approaches, effective preparation, flexible management, and formal recognition of WIL experience. These best practices are organized into a pyramidal structure, reflecting their relative importance. This holistic and structured approach provides a comprehensive framework to guide the implementation of WIL programs in Moroccan public universities, while balancing global insights with local contextual realities.