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<p>Transitional spaces (TS) serve as socio-spatial buffers between public and private realms, shaping safety, comfort, and environmental quality. This study examines TS between local streets and apartment buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to identify socio-spatial constraints affecting street–building interfaces. Using a mixed-methods environmental audit, 168 buildings across ten streets built over the past 30&#xa0;years were examined through field measurements and systematic observations. Fifteen spatial, material, and social variables were assessed, and differences between two ground-floor configurations were analyzed. Results revealed consistently low performance across all dimensions, associated with building regulations and street management practices, with parking demand emerging as a critical constraint shaping use and physical character. Significant differences between ground-floor types demonstrate the influence of building form on socio-spatial conditions. By operationalizing a socio-spatial framework through street-edge conditions, the study develops an empirically grounded approach for assessing TS in urban contexts where such research remains limited.</p>

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Socio-spatial evaluation of transitional spaces between local streets and apartment buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Abdulrahman A. Zawawi,
  • Nawaf Alhajaj

摘要

Transitional spaces (TS) serve as socio-spatial buffers between public and private realms, shaping safety, comfort, and environmental quality. This study examines TS between local streets and apartment buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to identify socio-spatial constraints affecting street–building interfaces. Using a mixed-methods environmental audit, 168 buildings across ten streets built over the past 30 years were examined through field measurements and systematic observations. Fifteen spatial, material, and social variables were assessed, and differences between two ground-floor configurations were analyzed. Results revealed consistently low performance across all dimensions, associated with building regulations and street management practices, with parking demand emerging as a critical constraint shaping use and physical character. Significant differences between ground-floor types demonstrate the influence of building form on socio-spatial conditions. By operationalizing a socio-spatial framework through street-edge conditions, the study develops an empirically grounded approach for assessing TS in urban contexts where such research remains limited.