<p>This study examines the performance of five urban development patterns—compact blocks, slabbed open superblocks, terraced houses, towers, and villa blocks—in three critical elements of sustainability in Arctic cities: energy efficiency, solar access, and pedestrian accessibility to urban services. These aspects are key to resource efficiency and quality of life in Arctic cities. Tromsø in the Norwegian Arctic serves as a case study to explore the advantages that compact cities offer for sustainability. The results indicate that compact urban blocks perform better in terms of energy efficiency and accessibility, but lower in terms of solar access. Urban densification strategies, particularly those promoting typologies that enhance land use diversity, are a feasible long-term approach to promoting urban sustainability. Tromsø’s climatic conditions are comparable to those of other cities located on thawed ground in Arctic coastal areas, and the results from this research can have applicability in similar environments.</p>