Barriers to Entry, Governance and Power Dynamics that Shape Inclusion and Participation of Historically Disadvantaged Wine Producers in South Africa
摘要
Production of wine by historically disadvantaged persons (HDPs) in South Africa remains limited. Although HDPs make up the majority of the country’s population, they account for less than 3% of industry sales and ~ 2.5% of vineyards. These outcomes persist despite government and industry transformation efforts to widen inclusion and participation. This article seeks to understand the limited ownership and production of wine by HDPs through examining the racialised nature of barriers they face that are rooted in historical legacies of exclusion. We argue that the deep-seated racial dynamics in South Africa’s wine value chain reinforce and amplify ‘traditional’ barriers to entry and expansion, such as access to finance, inputs and markets. A relatively few HDP producers have, however, managed to enter and participate in domestic and global wine value chains through innovative business models and offtake commitments from powerful buyers such as lead supermarket chains. Our findings suggest that underlying power dynamics at different levels of the value chain are critical to understand how barriers are perpetuated or alleviated for HDP wine producers, and that support measures aimed at increasing their participation that do not simultaneously address power imbalances are unlikely to succeed.