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<p>This study develops an integrated framework to evaluate the competitiveness of 20 major container ports in Northeast Asia, one of the most strategically significant and competitive maritime regions worldwide. Network connectivity is measured through four centrality dimensions, degree, closeness, hub, and authority, derived using Social Network Analysis, while throughput and infrastructure performance are captured through operational indicators. Objective criterion weights are determined via entropy, and a two-stage VIKOR procedure aggregates the weighted indicators into a composite competitiveness ranking. The results reveal a structurally hierarchical and polarised port system in which a small group of mega-hubs consistently outperform others due to strong centrality, sustained traffic expansion, and substantial infrastructural capacity. Sensitivity tests across alternative VIKOR parameters and comparison with TOPSIS confirm the robustness of the competitiveness hierarchy. Overall, the findings highlight the cumulative and mutually reinforcing mechanisms underlying port development and emphasise the need for balanced strategies that integrate network embeddedness, infrastructure depth, and operational performance.</p>

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An integrated multi-criteria evaluation of port competitiveness using a two-stage entropy-VIKOR model: evidence from major Northeast Asian ports

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Phong Nha Nguyen

摘要

This study develops an integrated framework to evaluate the competitiveness of 20 major container ports in Northeast Asia, one of the most strategically significant and competitive maritime regions worldwide. Network connectivity is measured through four centrality dimensions, degree, closeness, hub, and authority, derived using Social Network Analysis, while throughput and infrastructure performance are captured through operational indicators. Objective criterion weights are determined via entropy, and a two-stage VIKOR procedure aggregates the weighted indicators into a composite competitiveness ranking. The results reveal a structurally hierarchical and polarised port system in which a small group of mega-hubs consistently outperform others due to strong centrality, sustained traffic expansion, and substantial infrastructural capacity. Sensitivity tests across alternative VIKOR parameters and comparison with TOPSIS confirm the robustness of the competitiveness hierarchy. Overall, the findings highlight the cumulative and mutually reinforcing mechanisms underlying port development and emphasise the need for balanced strategies that integrate network embeddedness, infrastructure depth, and operational performance.