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<p>Sustainability challenges and regulatory pressures are fundamentally transforming inventory management, with circular economy (CE) concepts emerging as a dominant framework. This paper develops an economic order quantity (EOQ) model embedded in a circular economy framework, where products are manufactured with variable levels of circularity quantified through a dedicated circularity index. The proposed model integrates a linear demand structure with an exponential profit function, explicitly incorporating the CE indicator to jointly address economic and environmental objectives. Demand is assumed to be deterministic, and shortages are not permitted. The resulting optimization problem aims to maximize total profit by simultaneously determining the optimal order quantity and circularity level. An analytical optimization algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal solution. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the model, while sensitivity analysis and managerial insights elucidate the influence of key parameters on system performance and sustainability outcomes.</p>

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An optimal economic order quantity inventory model for deteriorating food and beverage products with circular economy indicators

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Ajit Kumar Sahoo,
  • Susanta Kumar Indrajitsingha,
  • Chitta Ranjan Mallick,
  • Susanta Kumar Sahu

摘要

Sustainability challenges and regulatory pressures are fundamentally transforming inventory management, with circular economy (CE) concepts emerging as a dominant framework. This paper develops an economic order quantity (EOQ) model embedded in a circular economy framework, where products are manufactured with variable levels of circularity quantified through a dedicated circularity index. The proposed model integrates a linear demand structure with an exponential profit function, explicitly incorporating the CE indicator to jointly address economic and environmental objectives. Demand is assumed to be deterministic, and shortages are not permitted. The resulting optimization problem aims to maximize total profit by simultaneously determining the optimal order quantity and circularity level. An analytical optimization algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal solution. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the model, while sensitivity analysis and managerial insights elucidate the influence of key parameters on system performance and sustainability outcomes.