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<p>The Olympic Games are among the most globally significant mega-events, with profound implications for the branding, image, and reputation of host cities and nations. Sustainability has become an increasingly central pillar in the evaluation of these events, yet the criteria used to assess their environmental, social, and economic impacts remain inconsistent and fragmented. This study conducts a systematic literature review of 117 academic contributions to identify and analyze the diverse criteria used in sustainability evaluations of Olympic host cities. The findings reveal a wide range of evaluation criteria and methodical approaches, as well as a lack of standardized assessment frameworks, which in turn influence how the Games contribute to—or detract from—the long-term perception of host cities. Given these insights, this paper underscores the urgent need for a standardized, long-term evaluation framework to ensure that sustainability commitments translate into measurable, positive legacies for host cities and nations. Such an approach would not only enhance transparency and comparability across Olympic events but also strengthen the role of sustainability-driven initiatives and their evaluation as strategic tools in public diplomacy, place branding, and international reputation management.</p>

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Beyond the podium: how sustainability evaluations shape the olympic legacy of host cities—a systematic literature review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Katharina Schöttl,
  • Florian Kainz,
  • Christian Werner

摘要

The Olympic Games are among the most globally significant mega-events, with profound implications for the branding, image, and reputation of host cities and nations. Sustainability has become an increasingly central pillar in the evaluation of these events, yet the criteria used to assess their environmental, social, and economic impacts remain inconsistent and fragmented. This study conducts a systematic literature review of 117 academic contributions to identify and analyze the diverse criteria used in sustainability evaluations of Olympic host cities. The findings reveal a wide range of evaluation criteria and methodical approaches, as well as a lack of standardized assessment frameworks, which in turn influence how the Games contribute to—or detract from—the long-term perception of host cities. Given these insights, this paper underscores the urgent need for a standardized, long-term evaluation framework to ensure that sustainability commitments translate into measurable, positive legacies for host cities and nations. Such an approach would not only enhance transparency and comparability across Olympic events but also strengthen the role of sustainability-driven initiatives and their evaluation as strategic tools in public diplomacy, place branding, and international reputation management.